The Access user interface for this system contains the menus, forms, reports and program modules to operate the system. With this program, database Users and Administrators can import, manipulate and retrieve site analytical data. For consistency and quality, Data Administrators should do all data importing, editing, and other miscellaneous administrative duties. Users should only be able to view data, not edit it.

A System Administrator manages the SQLServer database. Often this task is performed by an Information Services (IS) staff member. Assistance can be provided from Geotech as requested by our clients. The System Administrator is responsible for general maintenance of the computer system, administration of Users, database maintenance and system backup. Data Administrators are responsible for maintenance of the data. Staff designated as Data Administrators are responsible for data import, editing and working with project managers on data review. Data importing can be done one of two ways, electronic or manual. The system provides automated import for analytical laboratory data submitted in one of the approved electronic data formats.

These exercises are intended to reinforce the material presented in the lecture.

You receive a database with this design:

Describe the problem with this database:

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Design an SQL statement to display the data as it was originally presented:

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Description of the problem:

There is no reason for the redundant fields, either in the tables or the relationships. The fields Sample Date, Sample Type, Matrix, Beginning Depth and Ending Depth need only be in the Groundwater/Soil Sample table and not in Soil Sample Results, Groundwater General Chemistry Results, QA/QC Results, and Soil Gas Data Results. (It might also be possible to combine these four tables into one, but we can’t tell without seeing whether the other fields are the same or different.)

SQL Statement:

After selecting the settings file, the ATTACH DATABASE form, which is shown in Figure 2, may appear. The database attachment process is shown below.

After opening the program and a data database, you might want to learn a little about the database design. This section will show you how to get an overview of the database using the RELATIONSHIPS window, and how to view the structure of a table to see the data that it contains. Then we will move on to the features of the software.

1. First we will look at the RELATIONSHIPS window. On the Access main menu bar, click on Tools/Relationships. The RELATIONSHIPS window will be displayed. The boxes represent the tables in the database. The line at the top of the box shows the name of the table. The lines in the lower part of the box show the names of the fields in the table. The lines between the boxes show the relationships between the tables. Close the RELATIONSHIPS window when you have finished looking at it.
2. Next we will look at the structure of a data table. Open the DATABASE window by pressing function key F11. Choose a table such as Sites, and click on Design. You will be warned that you will not be able to modify the structure. Click on Yes to proceed. The three columns show the field name, data type, and a description of the data that the field is to contain. If you click on a field, the lower part of the screen shows more details about the field. Click on File/Close to close the table design window. Minimize (but don’t close) the DATABASE window by clicking on the minimize button () in the upper right corner.

Before we dig into working with the data, let’s first look at some features of the software that help you work with your data. Some of these features are accessible from the MAINTAIN DATABASE form.

1. Click on Maintain Database on the MAIN MENU. The MAINTAIN DATABASE form will be displayed. We will look at some of the options on this form.

The program contains a report that shows you the data in the tables that provide code expansions and other supporting information for working with the data in the main data tables.

1. Click on Lookups Report on the MAINTAIN DATABASE form. The program will display the LOOKUPS REPORT.
2. To zoom out to see the whole page, click in the middle of the report. Use the record selectors along the bottom of the report window to move to other pages.
3. Close the LOOKUPS REPORT.

The software maintains a record of changes made to the data. Later we will see the screen that gathers this data. Now we will look at selecting and reporting this data.

1. Click on Activity Report on the MAINTAIN DATABASE form. The program will display the ACTIVITY REPORT selection screen.
2. Enter some selection criteria to select specific activities to report. Select "drdave" for administrator from the drop down list and select "Rad Industries" for the Site. Then click on Display Report. This report shows activities that were performed which may have resulted in changes to the data in the database.

3. Close the ACTIVITY LOG and the ACTIVITY REPORT selection screen.

The program can help you track which stations have samples due in the near future. It is based on the most recent sample for each station, and the sampling interval defined in the Stations table.

1. Click on Samples Due on the MAINTAIN DATABASE form. The program will display the SAMPLES DUE REPORT. This report shows stations for which sampling is overdue.
2. Close the SAMPLES DUE REPORT. Close the MAINTAIN DATABASE form.

When you are working with a large database, you can improve performance by keeping your selection set small. If you are working with only one site, for example, you should choose the site before you move on to working with stations, and so on. This example will follow this approach.

1. To start working with data, first select a site to retrieve. You should select a site from the MAIN MENU using the dropdown box in the Current Site selection field. You can work with more than one site at a time, but if you are working with one it is better to select it on the MAIN MENU before opening the SELECT DATA form to speed up operation. Then click on the Analytic Data button in the MAIN MENU and the SELECT DATA form appears. This screen is divided into 3 sections: the Filter Criteria Boxes, the Status Bar, and the Action Menus.

1. Select the Stations button in the Filter Criteria Boxes, and the Stations selection criteria filters appear. Select various criteria and click on Update. Notice the change in the number of records listed on the Status Bar which meet the criteria. In the Stations Filter Criteria Box, click on the arrow to the right of Type selection field. Select "Monitoring well" from the list, and click List (under Output in the Action Menus) to see the new data set. If the selection criteria query finds no records to fulfill the requirements, a message box appears stating that "No records were returned from the criteria you specified." Stations displayed are limited to the selected site. Close the list window.

1. Select the Samples button in the Filter Criteria Boxes and click on List to see the new data set. In this case, samples displayed are limited to monitoring wells at the selected site. The scroll bars and arrows may be used to view other areas of the table that go beyond the limits of the monitor screen. Close the list window.

2. Select the Analyses button in the Filter Criteria Boxes on the upper right of the screen. Select a parameter, such as "Sulfate", from the Param. option. You can click in the field and type in the first few letters of the name, and the correct one should appear. The parameter dropdown list comes from the Parameters table. It is not restricted by the selections already made. Click on Update to see the number of analyses.
3. Results can be limited by entering criteria for other data types. Click in the value field and type in a value, such as "1000", and click on Update. Only analyses with that value are reported. Put a ‘<’ sign in front of the value, and click on Update. Note the additional records returned.
4. To view a report of the selected analyses, click on Output then Report and Preview/Print. The report option will be discussed in more detail later. When you are done, close the report window. Clear the value field by clicking on the ‘-‘ to the right and click on update. Notice the number of records listed on the Status Bar.

The SELECT DATA form is a very powerful and flexible way to work with your data. This form is described in detail in the reference section of this software manual. This section will highlight a few of the capabilities of this form.

Some of the fields can expand automatically to allow you to type in a minimum of characters, and yet still perform the query as you wish.

1. Click on Reset, and then select "Refining Inc." as the site.
2. Click on the Samples radiobutton. Enter "86" in the S.Date field. Then click on Update to count the records. Note that the form has expanded the year into a full date range, and then used that date range for your query. (There doesn’t happen to be any data for that year for that site.)
3. Try entering "last year" for the sample date and counting the results.

The selection screen allows you to use "modifiers" to change the interpretation of data that you enter in the criteria boxes. These modifiers are described in detail later. The following is a brief example of this feature.

1. Click on Reset and then the Analyses radiobutton. If you have AutoUpdate enabled, you will see that a large number of records have been selected.
2. Enter "120000" for value and click on Update. Two records are now selected, those with exactly that value.
3. Now enter ">=120000" for value and click on Update. Several more records will be added, now representing those greater than or equal to that value.

The program tries to make it easy to start over from scratch with values in the selection screen which are most likely to give you the records that you want to see.

You might be tired of clicking on Update each time you make a change. If you check the box next to AutoUpdate, then the count will be updated automatically each time you make a change. This option works well for small databases, but can significantly degrade performance on large databases, so use it with caution.

You might put a significant amount of effort into defining a selection set with the SELECT DATA form. The software lets you save a selection set with a name for later use.

The software has some other options for changing how data is displayed.

The selection process provides you with a method to describe lists and ranges of data in a simple way. This is done using "delimiters" to separate data elements in each selection field. You can set these delimiter characters so that they don’t conflict with characters that may be present in your data.

1. First, you should clear the form and reset it to its staring state. Click on Reset to clear any data and display the Sites criteria box. Click on the Options tab. Note that the list specifier is set to a comma and the range specifier is set to a colon.
2. Click on the Stations radiobutton. We will select two stations for display. Expand the Name field by clicking on the left button. Type in "MW", and then click on "MW-2" to select it from the list. Now click on the middle button, repeating the process but selecting "MW-4". The form has added the second station name, with a comma (the list specifier) between the two station names. Click on Update to count the records, and it should display two stations, because we gave it a list of two.
3. Now change the comma to a colon. Click on Update to count the records, and it should display four stations, because we gave it a range that includes that many.

If you want to quickly get to one specific result, the TREE VIEW form is often the best way. Unlike other output options, this display is not based on the selections that you have made, but rather works with all of the data in your database.

1. Click on the Tree View button. The TREE VIEW form will be displayed.
2. Click on the button to the left of "Refining Inc.". Then click on the button to the left of "MW-14" and of the "3/16/99" sample. Watch how the branches expand to display the data. The result of this is shown in Figure 6.

The simplest output option is the List display. It lets you quickly look at your data, and easily move it to other applications.

1. First, click on Reset to clear any data and display the Sites criteria box, and then select the Stations panel. Then click on List. You will see a grid-like view of your data.

1. Highlight the Station Name column and click the right mouse button to display a selection box. Choose Sort Ascending to reorder the data display. Unlike Excel, you do not need to highlight all rows/columns to reorder the table, only the ones you wish to reorder on.
2. Double click on the line between X Coord and Y Coord to automatically set the column width to match the data. Repeat for the line after Y Coord.
3. Grab the line to the right of Datum and drag it to the left until the column goes away.
4. Click on the Station Name column. Then click and drag the column name to the left of the Site Name. This will reorder the columns.
5. Drag across the column headers for Site Name, Station Name, X Coord., Y Coord., and Ground so that the columns are highlighted. Click on Edit/Copy to copy these columns to the clipboard. Open your word processor and click on Edit/Paste. It’s that easy to move data into your document.
6. Close the list window and choose ‘No’ to the Save Changes prompt.

While the List option is a quick way to view data, you may want a more formal, formatted report for printing. The Report option provides this. The program comes with several standard and custom reports, and you can add your own as well. These include Graph Reports, Periodic Regulatory Reports, Regulatory Reports, an Analyses with Regulatory Limits Report, a Summary Water Report, and a Well Information Report.

Standard reports provide the most basic output for each data level, and include: Standard Sites, Stations, Samples, and Analyses Reports. Also, a basic Statistics Report is available at all criteria levels.

1. First, click on Reset to clear any data and display the Sites criteria box.
2. Click on Report to see the sites in report format. The SELECT REPORT form appears. Reports for Sites are the only options available at this point, because only the Sites Filter Criteria Box is selected. Options for Stations, Samples, and Analyses appear as selection criteria are added. Select one of the reports and click on Preview/Print. Select File, Print from the Access menu bar, if you wish to print this report. Close the report window (Click on box in upper right hand corner) to return to the SELECT DATA form.

Custom reports provide more specific output formats for various uses. Custom Reports are constantly being added to the program. Here is an example:

1. Click on Reset to clear any data and click on the radio button to display the Analyses criteria box. Enter the following selections: Site: "Rad Industries"; Name: "MW-1, MW-3"; Sum.Cat.: "Metals".
2. Click on Report, and then "Regulatory Report by Parameter". If you wish you can print the report, or save it in one of several different formats for importing into other applications.
3. Close the report when you are done.

The custom reports have specific data level requirements. That means that, depending on what criteria boxes are displayed, you will see different custom reports. The program lets you create your own custom reports and add them to the menu. This capability is described in a later section.

1. Click on the Save/Load tab and select "Radium Map".
2. Click on Map. Because there can be multiple results for each station, the program asks you to pick which value to use. Click on Max Value.
3. Enter cutoff values of 1, 10, 100, and 1000. Then click on Display Map.
4. Shift-drag with the left mouse button across some of the bubbles to zoom in. Control-drag to pan. Click the right mouse button and select "Reset" to zoom back out.
5. Zoom in so that only a few stations are shown. Click on Show Station Names w/ Values, and then on Draw. This will add the station names to the values.

The program has an option for displaying a simple time-sequence graph. You can display one parameter for multiple stations, or multiple parameters for one station. The program will display a regulatory limit if you choose a single parameter, and if one has been defined for that parameter. It will also look at the data being retrieved, and if the units are not consistent for the data being returned, it will offer to use the unit conversion feature of the software to convert to consistent units. An example graph is shown in Figure 9.

1. Click on the Save/Load tab and select "Sulfate Graph".
2. Click on the Graph button. You can print the graph if you wish. Then close the GRAPH window.

The program allows you to make a database file that contains only the data that you have selected. This may be useful when you want to take a subset of data on the road, or you may do it for performance reasons when the parent database is very large.

1. To create a subset database from the criteria selected in the SELECT DATA form, click on Output, then Subset. Choose the path and directory to store the subset file. The program database directory must contain a copy of an Access database file called BlankDB.mdb. Type in a filename for the subset to be created, then click on Save. Close the SELECT DATA screen. The MAIN MENU appears. Click on the Attach Database button to attach to the data subset you just created. Click on the Select Subset File button and locate the path and filename for the subset you just created. Click Open on the OPEN FILE DIALOG form. The program attaches the files and returns to the MAIN MENU.
2. Click on Analytic Data on the MAIN MENU to go to the SELECT DATA form. Click the Analyses button in the Filter Criteria Boxes, and List (under Output) to display a list of the data subset.
3. Don’t forget to re-attach to your original database when you are finished looking at the subset.

The program allows you to export data in a variety of formats for use by other programs. In this example we will export data for use by a contouring program.

1. Click on Analytic Data on the MAIN MENU to go to the SELECT DATA form. Click on the Save/Load tab and select "Radium Map".
2. Click on Export on the Output tab. Choose "XYZ ASCII File" and click on Next.
3. As with the internal map, you need to tell the program which value to select for each station for export. Click on Max. Value.
4. Enter a file name like "Radium.dat" and click on Save.
5. Use Windows Notepad or another editor to open the file to look at the format. Close Notepad and the SELECT DATA form.

The ACTIVITY LOG form appears whenever you complete an operation that may have changed data.

1. From the MAIN MENU, select Admin., then Data Utility. Click on Stations. The STATIONS form will be displayed.
2. Close the STATIONS form by clicking on Done. The ACTIVITY LOG form will appear.
3. Describe what you did by entering something like "Looked at Stations form but made no changes". The window will not close until you have entered your activity. The User Name entry is pulled from the User Name field in the Settings table. If "User" appears, go to Edit Settings on the ADMINISTRATION form, and enter your name under Control Text following "UName" in the Control table. Close the ACTIVITY LOG form by clicking on Done. Close the ADMINISTRATION form by clicking on Close.

Printing the Analytic Report was discussed in a previous section of the tutorial.

The import process is discussed in detail in the System Reference section of the documentation. This tutorial highlights some of the important import options, and walks you through both successful and unsuccessful imports, to demonstrate the common problems encountered during the import process.

The program displays a series of screens to walk you through the import process. We call these screens the Import Wizard.

Click on the Import button on the MAIN MENU. On the first screen, you can start a new import, edit the Import File table from a previous import, resume a previous import, or undo a previous import. The form is shown in Figure 10.

To view the other screens in the import wizard:

1. Select "DTS 1.4 Excel" for the file format.
2. Select the "SuccessfulImport.xls" file from the program directory (default C:\Enviro\Edata).
3. Click Next.

The second page of the import wizard contains options for checking data prior to import. Default selections are provided with the program files, however, you can make different selections depending on your data needs. The second page is shown in Figure 11.

The Duplicates and Supersededs section of this form tells the program how to help with importing duplicate samples as well as multiple sets of analyses for a given sample, including the original analyses, dilutions, reanalyses, QC data, etc. Select Auto Update to have the program set the duplicate and superseded flags so that more than one like sample and analysis data set can be imported.

The Sample Data section allows you to update depths at import time instead of having to edit the import file. You can also tell the program to allow data with null sample depths to import, which bypasses one of the mandatory import checks.

The Analysis Data section deals with the requirements of a relational database system. Many fields in the database are linked to lookup tables that help to maintain consistency in data reporting. These fields must not be blank in the data going into the database. The qualifier codes section of this page sets required codes such as analytic flag (often left blank by labs for valid data), analytic problems (often not included in lab EDDs), and validator flags, to database consistent flags, such as "v" for detected value, and "z" for unknown. If the Check Validity option is selected, the program compares flags reported in the import file to flags listed in the database.

Content filtering allows you to flag or delete data that you know is suspect, and that you want to view or delete before import, or to flag data that may require further research before import.

The Units option allows you to convert to consistent units the reporting units for data being imported at the time of import. This option requires that a conversion between the reported units and the converted units be entered into the UnitsConversion table.

1. Select the defaults for these options, and click on Next to view the next page of the wizard.

The third page of the import wizard displays Options after Checking. The program imports the selected data file into a temporary table, and performs the checks as requested on the previous page. These checks may be successful or unsuccessful. The third options page of the wizard is shown in Figure 12.

Options available after an unsuccessful check include:

Tell the program to help you match data, including parameter names, station names, and reporting units,

Display the import table to allow you to edit problem records,

Export an intermediate file in Data Transfer Standard (DTS) format to send to a laboratory or other parties for checking, or

Export deleted records to a text file.

Options available after a successful check include:

Print a report, to check that the data was imported correctly,

Import (you can run the data checks without importing the data if you wish),

Notify if samples or analyses are already present, in case the data has been previously imported,

Supersede values if present. If the data you are importing are re-analyses, this option should be selected.

Next we will perform some sample imports.

1. Click on Cancel to return to the MAIN MENU.

1. From Excel, open the file ImportStationExample.xls located in the program folder (default is C:\Enviro\Edata).

Note the fields that are populated. Due to the relational structure of the program, all required fields must be populated before stations can be imported.

The import notifies you that three stations out of three in the file have been imported.

Next we’ll walk you through a successful and an unsuccessful import, to show the various features of the import process.

1. Prior to import, check your data file for obvious errors.
2. Open up the SuccessfulImport.xls file in Excel.
3. Note that there is a header row in this format. A header row is required for the Excel format import.
4. Note the fields that are populated. As with the station import, the relational structure of the database requires that some fields be populated at import time.
5. Close Excel, and select No if prompted to save changes.

Now we’ll import samples and analyses into the sample database. The first file we’ll import shows the results of a successful import.

1. Click on the Import button.
2. Select "DTS 1.4 Excel format" and the "SuccessfulImport.xls" file.
3. Accept the default options and click Finish. The progress meter at the bottom of the form shows the checks that the program is performing.
4. At the end of the import, the import results screen tells you that 15 records were imported out of 15 in the import file. The highest duplicate and superseded numbers are also displayed as data checks.
5. Click on OK.

The Data Review report lists the data that was imported, and posts the import results screen at the end. Print the report if you’d like by selecting File/ Print. Close the report by clicking on the at the upper right corner of the report form.

The ACTIVITY LOG form appears, and the program inserts the number of records imported, the sample dates, and the import file name into the activity description field.

Click Done on the ACTIVITY LOG form. The program returns you to the MAIN MENU.

Now we’ll try an unsuccessful import file.

The first screen that appears is Match Station Names. The Old Name is "MW14".

Click on the dropdown list under Change To: to view station names from the database Stations table.

Select MW-14 from the list.

The program asks you to confirm the change. Select Yes.

If the correct station is not on the list, use the Add Station button to open the STATIONS edit screen and enter a new station in the Stations table.

The next screen that appears is labeled Confirm Change Based on CAS Number. The program did not find a match with the parameter name "Benzene – total" in the Parameters table. It has found a match, Benzene, with the reported CAS number.

This screen prompts you to change the parameter name to the name in the database corresponding to the reported CAS number. Click Yes to accept the change.

The next screen that appears is Match Parameter Names. pH is shown under Old Parameter Name. The corresponding parameter name in the Parameters table is "Field pH", however, since there is no associated CAS number with pH, the program is unable to propose a match.

1. Click on the combo box under Change To: to view the list of parameters in the Parameters table.
2. Type in "Field", then open and select Field pH from the list.
3. The program asks you to confirm the change. Select Yes.

1. Use the dropdown box under Change To: to select the correct unit, ug/l, and confirm the change.

The Edit Import File screen appears next. This table displays all of the information for all of the records in the import file. Note that the first several records say "No problems" under Import Problem.

1. Click on the Problems Only button. Now the first record lists a Sample Matrix problem. See that there is a "W" entered in the sample matrix field, while the record with "No Problems" has "Water" entered as the matrix. "W" is the code for water in the Sample Matrix lookup table, however, the program is expecting the description, "Water", in the import file, not the code.
2. Type "Water" into the Sample Matrix field for this record. NOTE: Editing the flag here does not change the data in the original import file, only in the temporary import file created at the start of the import.
3. Click on Finish.
4. An Import Errors report is generated by the program, which shows the records that did not meet the consistency checks for entry into the database. This report can be printed to track data that was corrected during import.
5. Close the report by clicking on the at the right corner of the report, and you are returned to the MAIN MENU.

If you had selected "Mark" instead of "Delete" under Content Specific Filtering, the Anthracene analyses would have been displayed in the Edit Import table for you to view. You have the option of selecting records for deletion from the Edit Import table. Or, if the records are satisfactory, rerun the import and uncheck the Content Specific Filtering option. The records are then imported.

If you encounter problems in an import file that require additional research, you can view and print the Import Errors report, discontinue the import, and even close down the program. When you return to this import, you can move directly to the Import File table by selecting Import, then Edit ImportFile Table. If you import another file in the meantime, however, you must start the import of the problem file at the beginning, unless you save the partially edited data to a DTS file. In that case, you can re-import the saved file and proceed from there.

To undo the import just completed,

1. Click on Import, then Undo Previous Import. The Undo Import screen lists important information about the imports that you’ve made.
2. Select the most recent import, with sample dates of September 1999. Click Undo Selected Import, and confirm the choice.
3. The ACTIVITY LOG appears with information about the deleted file entered by the program. Click on Done. The September 1999 data has been deleted from the database.

Changes to data are usually made through editing forms. These forms reflect the structure of the database, with forms for Sites, Stations, Samples and Analyses (primary data), as well as for lookup and other data. For the forms for editing the primary data, there are two ways to display them, unselected and selected. We will go through both ways in these exercises.

The highest level of primary data is Sites. We will view this data without making a selection.

1. From the MAIN MENU, select Admin. Then click on Sites.
2. The SITES form initially displays in form view. It has three tabs for different data elements related to Sites. Form view lets you easily see all of the data for one site.
3. Switch to datasheet view by clicking on the Datasheet button in the upper left corner. Datasheet view lets you see data for many sites at once, and lets you choose one for editing. Double click on the gray box to the left of "Refining Inc." to choose that record and return to datasheet view.
4. You can move between records using the record selectors at the bottom of the form. Move up one record to "Rad Industries" by clicking on the button.
5. The form has three tabs. The Site Data tab, which is displayed when you enter the form, has general information about the site.
6. Click on the Link Labs & Contractors tab to view that data. This tab lets you assign laboratories and contractors to each site, so you can create a reference file for them to test imports against.
7. Click on the Regulatory Limits tab to view that data. This tab is used to assign regulatory limits and numbers of expected observations for each parameter for each site and sample matrix. It has two tabs, Site-Specific and All Sites. Limits can be assigned that apply to all sites in the database, or just to one site. Click on the Site Data tab to return to the site general data.

You can delete records from the editing forms, either in form view or in datasheet view.

1. In form view, click on the gray bar to the left of the site data. This selects the record. Press the Delete key on the keyboard, or click on Edit/Delete Record. Access will display an error, because of "Referential Integrity". In this case, it is complaining that records in the SiteLabLink table refer to this site. It could also happen if child records are present in the Stations table. To overcome this, you would need to delete the child records (and their children, if present, etc.) before you could complete the deletion of the record. This process helps you protect your data from "orphan records", where the child is there, but the parent is gone. Click on OK to confirm that a record won’t be changed.
2. Close the SITES form, edit the ACTIVITY LOG form, and close it. Close the ADMINISTRATION form to return to the MAIN MENU.

If you wish, you can use a similar process for editing the Stations and Samples tables.

To edit a record in the Analyses table, we will go through the selection process. This is a good idea, especially in large databases, because you don’t usually need to access all of the analyses records to edit the ones that need changing.

1. On the MAIN MENU form, click on Analytic Data. This will bring up the SELECT DATA form.
2. Click on the Save/Load tab, and select "Sulfate Graph".
3. Click on the Modify tab and click on Edit. Then click on Analyses. This will display the ANALYSES form. At this point you can edit any data in the form.

One aspect of this form deserves special mention. That is choosing a sample for the analysis. The form helps you select a sample by displaying a combo box from which you can select a sample.

1. Click on the button under Sample near the top of the form. This will display a scrollable list of samples from which you can select the correct one for this analysis. Don’t make any changes. Press the Escape key to close the list.
2. Close the ANALYSES form, and fill out and close the ACTIVITY LOG form. Close the SELECT DATA form.

There are a number of other data management functions that the software helps you perform. This section will cover just a couple of these functions.

1. In the SELECT DATA form, click on Reset. Display the Analyses panel. Enter a S. Date of "00" and click on Update. Click on the Modify tab, and select Review. This form shows the current review status of the data, and allows you to change the review status for the selected records. We won’t change anything here.
2. Click on Close, then fill out and close ACTIVITY LOG.

The software also helps you identify and clean out any duplicated records at the samples and analyses levels.

This section describes the use of the keyboard in Microsoft Access, which is the program used to enter data into the database management system. It is arranged according to the way the keys are used.

You can use these keys in most windows and views. The F2 key is an exception, as noted below.

You can use these keys to navigate in datasheets and in grids, such as the grid in a table's Design view, the QBE grid, and the Filter window grid (although in grids you work with cells and rows rather than fields and records). To navigate in Form view, use the Form view navigation keys.

You can use these keys to navigate in Form view. To navigate in datasheets and grids, use the datasheet and grid navigation keys.